Knowledge base
Every ingredient, explained.
Plain-language notes on every ingredient we use: what it does, when to be careful, and the studies behind it.
Featured
-
Vitamin D
Most children and adults need 15 mcg (600 IU) of vitamin D a day, and adults over 70 need 20...
-
L-theanine
Is a non-protein amino acid found primarily in tea leaves, particularly green tea.
-
Methylfolate
Is the active form of folate, a B vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including DNA synthesis and repair, cell...
-
Zinc
Adult men need 11 mg of zinc a day and adult women 8 mg; children aged 1 to 13 need...
-
NAC (N-acetylcysteine)
NAC (N-acetylcysteine) is a form of the amino acid cysteine that the body uses to make glutathione, its main antioxidant...
-
Saccharomyces boulardii
Is a beneficial yeast strain often used as a probiotic supplement.
#
-
5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan)
5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) is the molecule your body makes from the amino acid tryptophan on the way to serotonin, supplied in supplements from Griffonia simplicifolia...
A
-
Activated carbon
Also known as activated charcoal, is a form of carbon that has been processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase its surface area
-
Aloe vera
Is a perennial succulent plant species known for its thick, fleshy leaves
-
Alpha amylase
Is a type of amylase enzyme that specifically breaks down starch molecules into smaller carbohydrates like maltose and glucose.
-
Alpha-GPC
Or alpha-glycerophosphocholine, is a natural compound found in the brain and various food sources.
-
Alpha-keto glutaric acid
Also known as 2-oxoglutaric acid or α-ketoglutaric acid, is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, or the citric acid cycle, a central metabolic...
-
Amylase
Is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
-
Arabinogalactan
Is a type of polysaccharide found in many plant species, including larch trees.
-
Artichoke extract
Is derived from the leaves of the artichoke plant (Cynara scolymus), a member of the thistle family.
-
Ashwagandha
Scientifically known as Withania somnifera, is an ancient medicinal herb native to India and North Africa.
B
-
Banaba leaf
Scientifically known as Lagerstroemia Speciosa, is a tropical flowering plant native to Southeast Asia.
-
Beet powder
Is made from dried and ground beetroot, the taproot portion of the beet plant, typically the red or purple varieties.
-
Beta-glucanase
Is an enzyme that breaks down beta-glucans, a type of polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants, fungi, bacteria, and some algae.
-
Betaine hydrochloride
(HCl) is a compound derived from sugar beets, commonly used in dietary supplements to support digestive health
-
Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bb-02)
Is a strain of bacteria belonging to the Bifidobacterium genus, which is commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract.
-
Bifidobacterium lactis
Is a type of bacteria commonly found in the human gut.
-
Black pepper extract
Also known as Piperine, is derived from the dried fruit of the Piper nigrum plant.
-
Boron
Is a trace mineral naturally found in soil, water, and certain foods.
C
-
Calcium
Is a mineral that is essential for the proper functioning of the human body, particularly for bone and teeth health, muscle function, nerve transmission,...
-
Calcium D-glucarate
Is a natural compound found in fruits and vegetables, as well as in the human body.
-
Cat's claw
Also known as Uncaria tomentosa, is a woody vine native to the Amazon rainforest and other tropical areas of Central and South America.
-
Cellulase
Is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate found in plant cell walls, into simpler sugars like glucose.
-
Chamomile extract
Is derived from the flowers of the chamomile plant, primarily the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) or Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile).
-
Chitosanase
Is an enzyme that acts like molecular scissors, cutting up chitosan, which is a tough material found in the shells of crustaceans like shrimp...
-
Choline
Choline is an essential nutrient the body uses to build cell membranes, make the messenger acetylcholine and move fat out of the liver. Adults...
-
Chromium
Is a trace mineral found in soil, water, and various foods.
-
Citrus pectin
Is a soluble fiber extracted from the peel and pulp of citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits.
-
Clinoptilolite
Marketed under the brand name G-pur, is a naturally occurring zeolite mineral with a crystalline structure.
-
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble compound the body makes itself and uses to produce cellular energy. It has no RDA or upper limit....
-
Copper
Is a trace mineral found in various foods and supplements that plays a crucial role in many physiological processes within the body.
D
-
Delta and gamma tocotrienols
Often marketed under the brand name DeltaGold, are forms of vitamin E that belong to the tocotrienol family.
-
Dgl
Stands for Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice
-
Diamine oxidase (DAO)
Is an enzyme naturally produced by the body.
E
-
Edta
Short for Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, is a synthetic compound that is often used as a chelating agent in various industrial and medical applications.
G
-
GABA
GABA is the brain's main calming, or inhibitory, neurotransmitter. As a supplement it is sold for stress and sleep, but a 2020 systematic review...
-
Glucoamylase
Is an enzyme that helps break down complex carbohydrates, like starch, into simpler sugars, such as glucose, making it easier for the body to...
-
Glutamine
Is a conditionally essential amino acid, meaning that while the body can produce it, there are instances where dietary sources or supplementation may be...
-
Glycine
Is a non-essential amino acid found in proteins.
H
-
Hemicellulase
Is an enzyme that breaks down hemicellulose, a complex carbohydrate found in plant cell walls.
-
Himalayan Shilajit Extract
Himalayan Shilajit Extract is a natural substance found in the Himalayan mountains, primarily in regions such as Nepal, Bhutan, and India.
-
Humic and fulvic acids
Are organic compounds that are naturally found in soil, sediment, and water.
I
L
-
L-citrulline
Is a non-essential amino acid produced naturally by the body and also found in certain foods.
-
L-methionine
Is an essential amino acid, meaning it must be obtained from the diet as the body cannot produce it on its own.
-
L-ornithine
Is a non-protein amino acid that is naturally produced in the body.
-
L-Phenylalanine
Is an essential amino acid, meaning it must be obtained from the diet as the body cannot produce it on its own.
-
L-theanine
Is a non-protein amino acid found primarily in tea leaves, particularly green tea.
-
L-Tryptophan
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and the only building block the body uses to make serotonin, and then melatonin. Only about 3% of...
-
L-tyrosine
L-tyrosine is an amino acid the body uses to build dopamine and norepinephrine. In a 2015 research review, extra tyrosine helped thinking mainly in...
-
Lactase
Is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products, into its two component sugars, glucose and galactose.
-
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Is a type of bacteria that naturally resides in the human gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the intestines.
-
Lactobacillus paracasei (LPC-37)
Is a strain of bacteria belonging to the Lactobacillus genus, which is known for its probiotic properties.
-
Lipase
Is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats, breaking down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
-
Lithium orotate
Lithium orotate is a low-dose supplement that gives 4.8 mg of elemental lithium, a trace mineral, per capsule, with a label serving of one...
M
-
Magnesium
Adults need 310 to 420 mg of magnesium a day and children aged 1 to 13 need 80 to 240 mg, according to the...
-
Manganese
Is a trace mineral that is essential for various biological processes in the body, including metabolism, bone formation, and antioxidant defense mechanisms.
-
Marshmallow
Scientifically known as Althaea officinalis, is a flowering plant native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa.
-
Methionine
Is an essential amino acid, meaning it must be obtained from the diet since the body cannot produce it.
-
Methylfolate
Is the active form of folate, a B vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including DNA synthesis and repair, cell division, and neurotransmitter synthesis.
-
Milk thistle
Scientifically known as Silybum marianum, is a flowering herb native to the Mediterranean region and widely cultivated around the world.
-
Molybdenum
Is an essential trace mineral that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including enzyme function, metabolism, and detoxification.
-
Msm
Short for Methylsulfonylmethane, is a naturally occurring compound found in plants, animals, and humans.
-
Mucin
Is a glycoprotein that forms the main component of mucus, a slippery substance produced by mucous membranes in the body.
N
-
N-acetyl L-tyrosine (NALT)
Is a form of the amino acid tyrosine that has been acetylated for improved stability and bioavailability.
-
NAC (N-acetylcysteine)
NAC (N-acetylcysteine) is a form of the amino acid cysteine that the body uses to make glutathione, its main antioxidant inside cells. It has...
O
-
Okra
Also known as 'lady's fingers' or 'bamia,' is a flowering plant in the mallow family.
-
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3s are essential fats. EPA and DHA, the long-chain forms, come mostly from fish, fish oil and algae, because the body turns less than...
-
Ox bile acids
Are natural substances produced in the liver of cattle.
P
-
Passion flower extract
Is derived from the passion flower plant, scientifically known as Passiflora incarnata, a climbing vine native to the southeastern United States, Central, and South...
-
Pau d'arco
Also known as Tabebuia avellanedae or Tabebuia impetiginosa, is a type of tree native to the rainforests of South and Central America.
-
Pepsin
Is an enzyme found in the stomach that helps break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids.
-
Phosphatidylserine
(PS) derived from sunflower lecithin is a phospholipid compound naturally found in cell membranes, particularly in the brain.
-
Potassium
Is an essential trace mineral and electrolyte found in many foods.
-
Primavie
Is a patented form of purified Shilajit, a resinous exudate found in the Himalayan mountains.
-
Protease
Is a type of enzyme that aids in the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids.
-
Prune powder
Is made from dried and ground prunes, also known as dried plums.
Q
-
Quercetin
Is a flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, and grains, such as apples, onions, grapes, berries, and tea.
R
-
R-lipoic acid
Also known as alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), is a naturally occurring compound found in small amounts in certain foods and produced by the body.
-
Red Deer Extract
Is derived from the antler velvet of the red deer (Rhaponticum Carthamoides), a species native to parts of Europe and Asia.
-
Relora
Is a proprietary blend of two herbal extracts: Magnolia officinalis and Amur phellodendron.
S
-
Saccharomyces boulardii
Is a beneficial yeast strain often used as a probiotic supplement.
-
Selenium
Is a trace mineral that is essential for various physiological functions in the body, including antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune system function.
-
Sensoril
Is a patented form of ashwagandha extract.
-
Serrapeptase
Is a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the silkworm.
-
Skullcap root extract
Is derived from the Scutellaria lateriflora plant, which is native to North America.
-
Slippery elm
(Ulmus rubra) is a tree native to North America, primarily found in the eastern United States and Canada.
-
Stinging nettle leaf
Scientifically known as Urtica dioica, is a perennial flowering plant native to Europe, Asia, North America, and Africa.
-
Suntheanine
Is a patented form of L-theanine, an amino acid found primarily in tea leaves, especially green tea.
T
-
Taurine
Is an amino acid-like compound found naturally in the body. It's often referred to as a conditional amino acid because it's not essential in...
-
Turmeric extract
Is derived from the root of the Curcuma longa plant, which belongs to the ginger family and is native to Southeast Asia
V
-
Valerian extract
Is derived from the roots of the valerian plant, scientifically known as Valeriana officinalis, a perennial herb native to Europe and Asia.
-
Vanadium
Is a transition metal that is found naturally in many foods and also occurs in the environment.
-
Vitamin A
A fat-soluble vitamin crucial for vision, immune function, and cell growth. It exists in two forms
-
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
Adults need 1.1 to 1.2 mg of thiamin (vitamin B1) a day, and children aged 1 to 13 need 0.5 to 0.9 mg, according...
-
Vitamin B12
Adults need 2.4 mcg of vitamin B12 a day and children aged 1 to 13 need 0.9 to 1.8 mcg, according to the NIH...
-
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Adults need 1.1 to 1.3 mg of riboflavin (vitamin B2) a day, and children aged 1 to 13 need 0.5 to 0.9 mg, according...
-
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Adults need 14 to 16 mg of niacin (vitamin B3) a day, and children aged 1 to 13 need 6 to 12 mg, according...
-
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
Adults and teens need about 5 mg of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) a day, and children aged 1 to 13 need 2 to 4...
-
Vitamin B6
Adults need 1.3 mg of vitamin B6 a day, and children aged 1 to 13 need 0.5 to 1.0 mg, according to the NIH...
-
Vitamin B7
Also known as biotin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is part of the B complex group of vitamins.
-
Vitamin B9
Also known as folate or folic acid, is a water-soluble B vitamin. It plays a crucial role in cell division and red blood cell...
-
Vitamin C
Adults need 75 to 90 mg of vitamin C a day and children aged 1 to 13 need 15 to 45 mg, according to...
-
Vitamin D
Most children and adults need 15 mcg (600 IU) of vitamin D a day, and adults over 70 need 20 mcg (800 IU), according...
-
Vitamin E
Is a group of fat-soluble compounds with antioxidant properties that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
-
Vitamin K
Is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in blood clotting and bone health.
Z
No ingredients match